Glad to hear you’re taking an interest in Arduino! It’s a great community, and an accessible language. I assume you’ve taken a look at the Game Frame source code. If not, it’s here:
https://github.com/Jerware/GameFrame
You can take a look at that and see how the parts fit together. You can certainly use an Arduino Uno, but you’ll need to connect it to an SD reader (which will require a 3.3V supply, which is why my PCB has an additional power regulator). You’ll also need the clock chip + its crystal.
The schematics for the PCB aren’t published but it’s pretty straight forward once you see what pins are used in the source code. Have fun!