Here are some references.
Once I get the basic unit working I will start experimenting with this, but it may be some weeks as i am making my game frame from scratch so I can learn as much as possible as I go. Seems the thing that makes the most sense would be to split up the frequencies
from between 50hz and 20khz(seems to be the response of the adafruit mic) to make the 16 bands.
https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/datasheets/CMA-4544PF-W.pdf
Lets do this! it will be a ton of fun!
http://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-Processing-Audio-Spectrum-Analyzer/
http://apcmag.com/arduino-project-audio-spectrum-analyser.htm/
https://www.reddit.com/r/arduino/comments/2085ne/arduino_spectrum_analyzer_uno_r3_msgeq7_neopixel/